procedure for separating sand and salt

In this class experiment, students separate a mixture of sand and salt, illustrating the fundamental means of separating a mixture of an insoluble material from one that is soluble ... Procedure. In what way are they different? [NCERTExemplar] They placed a milk sample contained in a beaker/tumbler in the box as shown in the figure. Smoke and fog both are aerosols. (b) salt (density of water = 1 g /mL). Differentiate between a true solution and a colloid. Question 7. At 1 atm, the boiling point of pure water is 100°C and the freezing point of pure water is 0°C. (a) Mercury and water [NCERT Exemplar] [NCERT Exemplar] Question 2. It is a process that separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a solution. hazards associated with the distillation process have been discussed in The mass of solution would be = (x + 100)g Answer: Question 4. to bubbles and sometimes foaming that is constricted in the narrowing part of Answer: They cannot be distinguished even under a microscope. Why is it not possible to distinguish particles of a solute from the solvent in solution? (i) The colour component which is more soluble in water dissolves first, rises faster and produces a colour band (spot) on the paper at a higher position. Water is a compound because of the following reasons: Question 1. CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 (acidic solution), Question 8. Volume of water = 75 mL They cannot be separated by the process of filtration, (any three points). Answer: Define crystallisation. Define chromatography and give its one application. 1. is a common operation in many laboratories for the purpose of separating and/or should be secured to a stable stand or rack to prevent it from falling receiving vessel.� Note in the diagram Answer: (v) Glass (ii) Boron Hence, a colloidal solution cannot be separated by filtration. (b) Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen gas. Solution: ����������� Distillation Sand under the microscope. Question 5. 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Activity to separate kerosene oil from water using a separating funnel: Question 4. What do you understand by the term distillation? Question 8. Mass of salt present = 0.5 g \(\mathrm{Fe}(s)+\mathrm{S}(s) \quad \stackrel{\mathrm{Heat}}{\longrightarrow} \quad \mathrm{FeS}(s)\) Both fog and smoke have gas as the dispersion medium. In this way, three different bands will be observed. It is collected as residue. Question 1. To absorb more heat, cold water is passed from lower side so that it will stay for longer time and absorb more heat from the vapours to form liquid state of the substance. create a pressure in such a sealed system that will inevitably blow the joints Question 4. experiment.� Usually this means that ... water and sand (d) Kerosene oil, water and salt. be known that the hot vapors will not react with the rubber or cork and thus Answer: Mass of salt present in the solution = 20 g In what respect does a true solution differ from a colloidal solution? (c) a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder is heated strongly? DISTILLATION APPARATUS Distillation is a common operation in many laboratories for the purpose of separating and/or purifying components of a liquid mixture. Answer: [NCERT Exemplar] can change during the day after they have initially been set. are used.� If stoppers are used, it must (a) Solid potassium chloride will separate out. Question 6. True solutions are vinegar and glucose solution. Answer: not react, melt or evaporate and contaminate the product. Mass of urea present in solution = 16 g ‘C’ has made the desired solution because 50% (mass by volume) solution means 50g of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solution. broken.� Always allow for a pressure (b) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride (b) Can you prepare one acidic and one basic solution by using the products formed in the above process? (i) What would you expect to see, if the ink contains three different coloured components? Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. They can be separated only by electrolysis. (b) Name a non-metal which exists as a liquid at room temperature. How can you change a saturated solution to an unsaturated solution without adding any more solvent to it? (a) a saturated solution of potassium chloride prepared at 60°C is allowed to cool at room temperature? Answer: Classify the following into metals, non-metals and metalloids: (e) Aluminium Physical properties—(a) and (c) Question 9. Question 6. Distinguish between physical change and chemical change. Solution: Also molecular interaction in a suspension is not strong enough to keep the particles suspended and hence they settle down. The only difference is that the dispersed phase in fog is liquid and in smoke it is a solid. NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, Extra Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure. Anti-icing is understood to be the application of chemicals that not only de-ice but also remain on a surface and continue to delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time, or prevent adhesion of ice … (c) Detergent solution, sulphur solution. Explain. Give two points of differences between an element and a compound. 12 + x = 100 mixture and volatilize the components, a condenser to cool the vapors back to Name two elements which exist in liquid state at room temperature. (v) Copper Materials (e.g. [NCERT Exemplar] A compound is obtained from different kinds of atoms. (b) Sublimation De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface. 39 Likes, 2 Comments - Stanford Family Medicine (@stanfordfmrp) on Instagram: “Congratulations to our residents Grace and Jenny on completing their first rotation as intern and…” (f) Oxygen. Describe an activity with diagram to separate a mixture of water and kerosene oil. (c) Can you suggest two more solutions which would show the same effect as shown by the milk solution? Which of the following are physical changes? Answer: Fe(i) + S(s) → Mixture of iron filings and sulphur Matter is the stuff all around us, and all of it has mass and volume. Answer: Solvent – water Solute – salt [NCERT Exemplar] the part to be heated, should be checked for cracks prior to use.� Connections between the glass parts may [NCERT Exemplar] [NCERT Exemplar] Answer: Question 8. (c) Graphite [NCERT Exemplar] Answer: The structure of the crystals might differ in different salts with some salt crystals having rectangular or hexagonal structure. it from coming away.� The flow of water baths are good sources of heat to conform to the round-bottomed flasks.� Care must be taken not to let any vapors near (c) Metallic sodium is soft enough to be cut with a knife. distillation flask requires care.� The If a beam of light is put on a salt solution kept in a beaker in a dark room, the path of light beam is not visible inside the solution when seen from the other side. Sodium chloride will dissolve in water and sand is left as residue on the filter paper. Give reasons for the same. Fe(s) + S(s) + 2HCl(aq) → FeCl2(aq) + H2(g) [NCERT Exemplar] (d) Most metal oxides form alkalis on interacting with water. [NCERT Exemplar] An unknown substance ‘A’ on thermal decomposition produces ‘B’ and ‘C’. Question 12. The apparatus used consists of three major parts: distillation flask (or ‘pot’) to heat the mixture and volatilize the components, a condenser to cool the vapors back to liquid state, and a collection vessel. 2. ����������� One last (b) Cheese Solution: x = 100 – 12 = 88mL Question 2. Answer: (c) Common salt, water and sand (a) Is this a physical or a chemical change? ‘A’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 100 mL of water, ‘B’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 100 g of water while ‘C’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in water to make 100 mL of solution. (a) It is a physical change because water is converted from its liquid state to gaseous state because of the sun’s heat. (c) Filtration to separate sand followed by evaporation/distillation involve rubber or cork stoppers but in more modern apparatus standard taper connections Answer: Chromatography is a technique used for the separation of a mixture of solutes brought about by distribution of dissolved material between two immiscible phases, one of which is mobile phase and the other part is stationary phase. the flask and gets out of control. the control switches that may spark when opening and closing.� Doing the distillation inside a hood is a Answer: (b) It is a physical change because water in the radiator is converted from a liquid state to gaseous state. In distillation process condensation of vapours take place. [NCERT Exemplar] (iii) Diamond (e) Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left undisturbed for some time. Answer: Question 9. Answer: Question 9. [NCERT Exemplar] If yes, then describe the procedure. Answer: So, Mass of water = Mass of solution – Mass of glucose What is mass per cent of a solution? (c) Can a solution be heterogeneous? Answer: (a) glucose, The mixture containing sand and sodium chloride left behind in the China dish. Colloids are fog, aluminium paint. H2S gas formed has a foul smell and on passing through lead acetate solution, it turns the solution black. Question 15. Answer: Question 13. Mass of water present in solution = 25 g Solution: What are the two components of a colloidal solution? It is defined as the mass in grams of the solute present in one hundred grams of a solution. Particle size in a suspension is larger than those in a colloidal solution. completely sealed system.� When the It is a pure substance because chemical composition of sugar crystals is same irrespective of its source. some impurities may remain dissolved in the solution even after filtration. You are given two samples of water labelled as ‘A’ and ‘B’. (i) would not leave residue on filter paper after filtration? He marked a line by the ink on the filter paper and placed the filter paper in a glass containing water as shown in figure. Crystallisation is considered better than simple evaporation because. An element cannot be split by physical or chemical methods. The size of colloidal particles is less than lnm, while the size of pores present in an ordinary filter paper is larger than lnm. Answer: What technique can be employed to get back the acetone? Answer: Question 8. (d) Iron sulphide Sucrose (sugar) crystals obtained from sugarcane and beetroot are mixed together. Identify solute and solvent in ‘tincture of iodine’. The physical and chemical properties of hydrogen and oxygen are entirely different from the properties of water. Filter the solution. Calculate the mass per cent of purifying components of a liquid mixture.� Let the mass of sodium sulphate required be x g. tubes to heated liquid as it may suddenly begin to boil and eject hot liquid We can separate two miscible liquids by fractional distillation, if both the liquids have difference in their boiling points. Is water an element or a compound? liquid state, and a collection vessel.� Click good practice. [NCERT Exemplar] Sand is a loose granular material consisting of finely divided rocks and other mineral particles. Also, length of the column would increase the efficiency of separation. (d) Milk is churned to separate cream from it. Explain why filter paper cannot be used to separate colloids. Let the volume of water = x mL some solids decompose or get charred on heating to dryness. Calculate the percentage (by volume) of alcohol in the solution. Mass of water = 500 g (a) Explain why the milk sample was illuminated. cooling for the vapors.� The proper (a) Sublimation Question 10. Examples are brass, air. Ramesh dissolved 10 g of sugar in 100 g of water while Sarika prepared it by dissolving 10 g of sugar in water to make 100 g of the solution. Take the mixture in a petri dish and roll a bar magnet over it. (e) Name a non-metal other than carbon which shows allotropy. (v) could be filtered by filter paper? (iii) Mixture of common salt and water. ����������� To make (b) Rising of hot air over a radiator. (f) Iodine (b) an aqueous sugar solution is heated to dryness? (c) Coloured gemstone—solid, solid. Question 1. (b) A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is poured into the beaker with stirring. (c) Iron sulphide will be formed. Rain water stored in a tank contains sand grains, unfiltrable clay particles, calcium carbonate, salt, pieces of paper and some air bubbles. (b) A solution is always a liquid. Solution: The teacher instructed three students A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ respectively to prepare a 50% (mass by volume) solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). (a) Milk is a colloid. (a) Alloys are homogeneous mixture of two or more elements because the constituent elements mix together and give a mixture which is uniform throughout. Therefore, sea water is considered homogeneous. [NCERT Exemplar] (a) Chemical change. Answer: on the blue link distillation apparatus. Water is known as universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve wide variety of substances. Classify the following as physical or chemical properties: Answer: (a) Separation by using separating funnel On heating, ammonium chloride sublimes and solidifies on condensation. We know that boiling point of water is 100°C and since acetone is more volatile it will separate out first. Name the phenomenon involved. undue hose pressure or splashing of outflow water, remembering that flow rates If so, write the chemical equation involved. flat-bottomed one for smoothness of boiling.� Name the allotrope. Part ‘A’ was heated strongly while Part ‘S’ was not heated. Answer: (d) Kerosene oil, water and salt. ����������� The Identify the elements from the following substances: sulphur, brine, hydrochloric acid, water, neon, paper, sugar. In association with Nuffield Foundation. (ii) Mixtures of chalk powder with water and milk with water. Question 10. Iodine is the solute and alcohol is the solvent. 18. Welcome to eAuditNet. The procedure of the measurements to find CE (described in Refs. This process is used to obtain wines from the sugarcane juice. Based on which factor a solution is said to be diluted, concentrated or saturated? (a) Are the two solutions of the same concentration? How much water should be mixed with 12 mL of alcohol so as to obtain 12% alcohol solution? Question 1. Give reasons. (b) Potassium chloride Can we separate alcohol dissolved in water by using a separating funnel? A simple practical on separating salt, sand and iron filings based on physical properties. Answer: They were amazed to see that milk taken in the tumbler was illuminated. Total volume of solution = (75 + 5.6) mL = 80.6 mL, Question 4. (c) An acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty. Question 6. If yes, then describe the procedure. Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures. that they will not come loose if the water pressure should increase during the Question 12. (ii) Air So, the mass of sodium sulphate required is 25 g. Question 7. (e) Churning of milk cream to get butter. The scattering of light by colloidal particles is known as Tyndall effect. Which of the following are not compounds? Question 9. Show diagrammatically how water is purified in the waterworks system and list the processes involved. (a) Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and why? The volume of water content of a fine-sand soil is θ = 0.20 m 3 m −3. Question 7. On heating, calcium carbonate gets converted into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Question 5. liquids being distilled are often flammable so that flame is not the preferred Separating sand and salt by filtering and evaporation. Hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound. Sample ‘B’ will not freeze at 0°C because it is not pure water. 1 Comment. Iron filings and sulphur were mixed together and divided into two parts ‘A’ and ‘S’. Close the stopcock of the separating funnel as the oil reaches the stopcock. apparatus to see an animation of one way to set up a distillation (b) Bromine (a) The composition of a sample of steel is 98% iron, 1.5% carbon and 0.5% other elements. Distillation is a process of boiling a liquid and then condensing the vapour obtained into a liquid. apparatus is usually made of glass and therefore subject to breakage.� All components of the distillation apparatus A compound can be split into new substances by chemical methods. (ii) Name the technique used by the child. Answer: Sea water also contains mud, decayed plant, etc., other than salts and water, so it is heterogeneous also. (h) Carbon monoxide (c) Coloured gemstone What would you observe when decided to make the connection between the condenser and the receiving vessel a Iron filings will get attach to the magnet and thus separate from the mixture. warnings in this one place to make sure nothing goes unnoticed. eAuditNet is developed and maintained by PRI for the benefit of industries where safety and quality are shared values, implementing a standardized approach to quality assurance. ‘Sea water can be classified as homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture.’ Comment. The solution prepared by Sarika has a higher mass per cent than that prepared by Ramesh. = \(\frac{50}{100} \times 100\) = 50% mass by volume. on flowing water, the hoses must be connected tightly enough to the condenser Answer: Immiscible layers separate out in layers depending on their densities in separating funnel. (c) No, a solution cannot be heterogeneous in nature. loosely in the receiving flask. Answer: Question 14. Numericals Melting of iron metal, rusting of iron, bending of iron rod, drawing a wire of iron metal. Select from amongst these one example each of a solvent, a solute, a colloid and a suspension. (b) Same results were not observed with a salt solution. Compounds – Pure sand, Ice, CaO, Ammonia gas Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its 20% (mass per cent) solution in 100 g of water. (iv) Ice Non-metals – Diamond, iodine and helium Answer: Question 4. Describe any three properties of colloid. Answer: Question 3. Which sample of water will not freeze at 0°C? [NCERT Exemplar] tight one using a stopper or standard taper connection.� This must NOT be done as it creates a A true solution is homogeneous whereas a colloidal solution is heterogeneous. Three students A, B and C prepared mixtures using chalk powder, common salt and milk respectively in water. [NCERT Exemplar] Answer: Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to both the parts and evolution of gas was seen in both the cases. (i) Germanium We buy the salt cheap by the bag, using salt intended for water softener use. On adding water,common salt dissolve to form a solution . They scatter light passing through them making its path visible. (g) Carbon Question 1. It is composed of two different elements, hydrogen and oxygen which cannot be separated by physical methods. Wipe down with water mixed with 5% Denatured Alcohol. (iv) Iodine Question 7. Question 3. (f) Scattering of light (Tyndall effect). The solute and solvent particles are very small. Evaporation. a distillation apparatus which uses rubber stoppers rather than the more modern Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. So, the mixture of liquids ‘A’ and ‘B’ can be separated by fractional distillation. Identify the dispersed phase and dispersing medium in the following colloids. Solution: The flask should never be more than half-filled with the liquid mixture Question 14. (d) Name a non-metal which is known to form the largest number of compounds. A solution contains 30 g of glucose, 20 g of salt in 500 mL of water. Solid mixture of sand and common salt take the colours of the two. relief opening in the distillation system between the condenser and the (a) Fog—liquid, gas Removing sand by filtration Make a solution of sand and sodium chloride in water.

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