If you think this is "lazy grammar," speakers of Russian, Arabic, and Mandarin would like to have a word with you.          West Side --> "wes side", vs. West End. I did this by looking at census data, linguistics papers that make estimates about how many black folk do speak it (ie., Rickford 1999), and guesses about how many non-black AAVE speakers might exist. "Be done" functions as a conditional perfect, a hypothetical future statement. Phonology refers to the sounds that make up a language. Here are some phonetic features of AAVE. However, it was born out of the horrifically ugly history of slavery in the United States. My dissertation research demonstrated that there are at least ten distinctive accents in AAE. Here is a - by no means exhaustive - list of the key differences between it and the useful hypothetical construct "General American" (GA -- basically, how newscasters speak): Deletion of verbal copula (not as dirty as it sounds). For example, AAVE uses "ain't" in every position that standard English uses "haven't. The Pin-Pen Merger, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Texas Cattle Drives Other Areas with the Pin-Pen Merger … It is not simply 'ungrammatical'. The argument being that linguists are hypocritical for claiming it is a legitimate dialect, since they could never actually publish in it. "BIN" is a stressed form of been, which signifies that an action began a long time ago. When two consonants appear together at the end of a word, speakers of AAVE often drop one of them -- they are reduced. This happens, to some extent, in every dialect of English, owing to the fact that two successive consonants are relatively difficult to enunciate. In AAVE, this reduction is systematic. It occurs according to rules. Here are two major ones: 1. Listening 97 5.       He don't know what he ___ doing. The voiced -th may be voiced as a v sound. Certain grammatical features seem to be universally used in AAVE, however there is regional variation in pronunciation. AAVE has a number of super cool grammatical features that non-speakers tend to mistake for 'bad grammar' or 'lazy grammar'. This study has an IRB exemption from the University of Pennsylvania, protocol number: 829960, Like this program, Academic English Mastery, in Watts. It for the dummy expletive there. Dr. William Labov, creolist, sociolinguist, and professor at University of Pennsylvania, has spent his career studying linguistic change, starting with AAVE. Other research shows that there may be regional variation in what syntactic structures are used. Instead, it was portrayed as marxist nutjobs trying to force anarchist anti-grammar on helpless (white) American children instead of teaching them standard English. ",       I haven't gone yet --> I ain't gone yet. You can't necessarily assume, however, that a given black American does speak it. "In the United States, we don't have a language academy, but we have many grammar and usage books that people turn to for the determination of standard forms. AAL Style Shifting. example: "he been got a job." Regarding those who still think it is somehow not valid, Oscar Gamble said it best: They don't think it be like it is, but it do. (author's note: ain't been a word...for over 300 years.). Examples and Observations "The notion of a widespread, normative variety, or 'standard dialect,' is an important one, but it is not always easy to define in a precise way, especially for English. These are the most lasting and regular features of the dialect. ", A habitual aspect marker (known as habitual be, or invariant be).       I don't know what my friend is usually doing.       example: There are variations within cultures, and regional and dialectal variances exist in all languages. Here is a - by no means exhaustive - list of the key differences between it and the useful hypothetical construct "General American" (GA -- basically, how newscasters speak):       We are going out. This refers to grammatical constructions that in other dialects do not use had, but use the simple past. There are quite a few other cool grammatical features and quirks, but these are among the major innovations (yes, innovations). What's a dummy expletive? Some varieties have 'semantic bleaching' of words that are considered obscenities in other dialects - this is where a word loses shades of meaning over time. For instance, “be done” constructions (as in, “I be done went home when they be gettin’ wild”) used to be common in Philadelphia. In AAVE, this distinction is not usually made. Basically, racism and linguistic prejudice. In general, black Americans, however there are exceptions to every part of this. Opinion: It's Time To Put 'Woke' To Sleep As each year comes to a close, many of us look forward to what we'll take on in the coming 12 months. . perfective aspect), but it has been for a long time. While the rise of hip-hop and some reintegration of our cities has exposed more of the mainstream to some varieties of AAVE, it is still, unfortunately, highly stigmatized. [EDIT: since I wrote this post in 2014, a new term has gained a lot of traction with academics: African American Language (AAL), as in the Oxford Handbook of African American Language edited by Sonja Lanehart (2015), or the Corpus of Regional African American Language (CORAAL).
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